The city was founded as a village on December 14, 1458, and it is said that was named after prince Stephen the Great's daughter, Oana, its overlord. At the death of the Communist leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej in March 1965, it was renamed Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, but the name was changed back in 1996.
Administratively, the villages of Slobozia and Borzești form part of Onești. Borzești, site of the Borzești Church, was the birthplace of Stephen III of Moldavia.
Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of the city, whose inhabitants are predominantly Romanian Orthodox. St. Nicholas Day, 6 December, is the municipal day of Oneşti.
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